There are not tables (that I can see) that report same-sex married couples directly.
BUT you could derive an estimate by subtracting two universes:
Universe for Table B23010 is Married Couple Families
Universe for B23007 is broader, but the Married Couple Families within the table are opposite-sex only (so sum up married couple families with and without children to get opposite-sex married couple families).
Subtract the second one from the first and that should give you an estimate of same-sex married couple families.
If you want characteristics of same-sex married couples, you probably need to use Public Use Microdata (great detail, but not geographically aligned with places).