The Pew Research Center folks have put together some nice summaries on how race and ethnicity have been measured in the Decennial Census. I've found them quite useful to explain to folks how the measurements of these concepts have changed over time, and recent events make them especially helpful as background/context:
https://www.pewresearch.org/race-and-ethnicity/2025/11/03/counting-race-how-the-census-measures-identity-and-what-americans-think-about-it/
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/11/03/the-changing-categories-the-us-has-used-to-measure-race/
https://www.pewresearch.org/feature/what-census-calls-us/
Rob
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Robert O'Reilly
Emory University
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